{"id":7965,"date":"2025-01-08T10:46:27","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bvndgiadinh.org.vn\/?p=7965"},"modified":"2025-01-13T16:32:00","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T09:32:00","slug":"tim-hieu-ve-cac-loai-virus-duong-ho-hap-va-metapneumovirus-o-nguoi-hmpv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bvndgiadinh.org.vn\/?p=7965","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C LO\u1ea0I VIRUS \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG H\u00d4 H\u1ea4P V\u00c0 VIRUS G\u00c2Y VI\u00caM PH\u1ed4I TR\u00caN NG\u01af\u1edcI (HMPV)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00e1c virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 c\u00fam, parainfluenza, virus h\u1ee3p b\u00e0o h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, coronavirus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus,..l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111a c\u01a1 quan.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec5m virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ca nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p khi g\u00e2y ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong l\u1edbn, l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, virus g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Human metapneumovirus – HMPV) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 lo ng\u1ea1i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m HMPV v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c Virus h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p l\u00e2y lan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt b\u1eafn h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ho ho\u1eb7c h\u1eaft h\u01a1i, ho\u1eb7c khi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i virus th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Virus C\u00fam (Influenza): <\/strong>l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecbch c\u00fam m\u00f9a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ca t\u1eed vong tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh n\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng virus c\u00fam li\u00ean t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, do \u0111\u00f3 ti\u00eam ph\u00f2ng c\u00fam m\u00f9a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Virus Parainfluenza: <\/strong>g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Parainfluenza l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y vi\u00eam thanh qu\u1ea3n, vi\u00eam ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1eafc-xin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Virus h\u1ee3p b\u00e0o h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (RSV): <\/strong>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. RSV l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 tu\u1ed5i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1eafc-xin ph\u00f2ng RSV \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai (\u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh) \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Coronavirus: <\/strong>h\u1ecd coronavirus bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c virus g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 SARS-CoV-1 (2003), MERS-CoV (2012), v\u00e0 SARS-CoV-2 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19. COVID-19 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p khi n\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1eafc -xin v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng virus \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Rhinovirus: <\/strong>l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 ca nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam xoang, vi\u00eam tai gi\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee3t c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a hen hay b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Virus g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Human Metapneumovirus- HMPV): <\/strong>m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p n\u1eb7ng \u1edf tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Virus g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (Human Metapneumovirus)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Virus g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HMPV) th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus m\u1edbi. HMPV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 Lan ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, l\u00e0 virus RNA ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Pneumoviridae gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 virus h\u1ee3p b\u00e0o h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (RSV) – m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p kh\u00e1c. HMPV \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2y lan trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec5m HMPV khi l\u00ean n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a virus g\u00e2y vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HMPV)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

HMPV th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 ho, s\u1ed5 m\u0169i, \u0111au h\u1ecdng, s\u1ed1t, kh\u00f2 kh\u00e8. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 HMPV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p,..l\u00e0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng 5-16% tr\u1ebb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 hen, b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u0169ng,. kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh n\u1ec1n n\u1eb7ng, d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng,..c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb HMPV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n HMPV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i virus \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00fam, RSV ho\u1eb7c COVID-19. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n HMPV th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 PCR \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus trong m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u0169i h\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cho HMPV v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1eafc xin ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba – bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i vi r\u00fat c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba chung cho b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n